Obedience and Disobedience in A Few Good Man Essay -- Psychology

â€Å"In the core of nation’s capital, in a town hall of the U.S government, one man will remain determined to keep his respect, and one will persevere relentlessly to discover the truth.† This slogan assists with summarizing the tone of the film A Few Good Men. Two fighters trapped in good and bad will keep there expectation and unwaveringness high as they wish generally advantageous. Will the instigator, all things considered, be forced through his own resentment to uncover reality? Loot Reiner presents Col. Nathan R. Jessep as having an overstated self feeling while at the same time utilizing his capacity for abhorrent, in light of dispositional factors. Lt. Daniel Kaffee utilizes his Harvard law training to speak to two Marines who are being charged for homicide in the film A Few Good Men. Lt. Cdr. JoAnne Galloway and Lt. Sam Weinberg help Kaffee on his examination, thought to be a Code Red, a type of damaging friend discipline. While speaking with Jessep and his two senior officials in Cuba, Kaffee gets dubious about certain data given. At long last, Kaffee is triumphant over the case by demonstrating Jessep’s blame. Stanley Milgram, a Yale analyst, presents his feeling on acquiescence in his article, â€Å"The Perils of Obedience,† while talking about the foundation to his investigation. An experimenter requested the ignorant educator to give the student anguishing stuns, not realizing that the student was not genuinely snared to the voltage. The experimenter’s objective was to ensure that the instructor followed all requests, regardless of whether that implied probably hurting the student. Shockingly, a bigge r number of individuals complied with the experimenter as opposed to following the sense to support the student. In like manner, Erich Fromm, a psychoanalyst and scholar, guarantees that acquiescence and rebellion both can have great and awful results. From... ...of two marines, to play out a code red on Santiago, the student. Albeit no damage was expected, the life of a weak trooper was severely taken because of the regard of a request. From Fromm’s point of view toward the circumstance, submission may now and then be correct, yet tragically may prompt an undesirable result, like the conditions depicted in A Few Good Men. An individual with disdainful and self vain qualities is somebody that the vast majority don’t need to be near. This can affect society by causing less thankfulness among individuals. Works Cited A Few Good Men. Dir. Burglarize Reiner. Perf. Jack Nicholson, Tom Cruise, and Demi Moore. Columbia Pictures, 1992. Film. Fromm, Erich. â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† Writing and Reading for ACP Composition. Ed. Thomas E. Leahy and Christine R. Farris. New York, New York: Pearson, 2009. 258-263. Print.

Toys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Toys - Essay Example Industrialization became exponentially after WWII. Quick satisfaction removed the torment many endured thus. Our future posterity and what assignments were expected to get by in the 1950's as a practical model of society turned into a principle center. The beginning of this upheaval wasn't proposed to make disappointments in the public arena; it was to show our young the significance of the cultural guidelines and what is anticipated from them as grown-ups. The principal 'smaller than expected mother' model of a kitchen and the vacuum cleaner went to the market. The thought was new to most family units and families needing to beat the Jones' at being the first to have the best toys conceivable. Society says it is satisfactory and expected to imitate our folks and their jobs they play. This is acceptable preparing, Right Barthes says, French toys depend on impersonation, they were intended to deliver youngsters who are clients, not makers (Barthes, pg. 55). Social acknowledgment in sexual orientation based toys was certain and this expansion in fame lured architects to make significantly increasingly plastic, sex based toys overlooking the foundations of what society was produced using. Young ladies cooking on plastic smaller than expected ovens, preparing the table for the family, or pressing her significant other's garments before he takes off to work - these jobs they play are socially committed and expected later on. This tells the y oung ladies of our future - it's not our place to build or structure the tallest structure on the planet. We should surrender it over to the men in our general public to build and plan. At the point when I was in secondary school, I was advised not to apply to school. I was to be a housewife and mother; there was no requirement for me to squander my parent's cash by going to school. We are to acknowledge our 'place' in the public arena as appeared to us by our folks. These French Toys (Barthes, pg. 53) confine kids and condition them for disappointment. Youngsters admire their folks for direction. On the off chance that they state we should play with these toys they are bringing home, for what reason are we to scrutinize their thought processes Barthes suggests the utilization of straightforward wooden squares as a demiurge (Barthes, p. 54) as opposed to only a client of the items. The Builder makes the establishment all things considered, spans, homes, school, and then some. Making the biggest structure of the physical universe with just the restrictions of his/her creative mind is an extraordinary achievement as a kid. A young lady grins fiercely, Mother, look what I assembled! similarly as her sibling drives through them. Mother, Now I need to start from the very beginning! The accomplishment of a magnum opus or the devastation from your sibling as he swooshes his arms through your recently built extension manufactures your insight base and yo ur establishment in understanding the stuff to make things remain all alone. Barthes alludes to the Vosges Mountain extend (Barthes, pg 55) to carry an individual relationship to the wooden squares. It's harder to excuse an item in the event that it has a name. These aptitudes and information are required for future improvement to begin and complete undertakings. The incentive in figuring out how to deal with a task all the way is basic whether it is building a house out of covers all through the lounge room or building a

How to Get Over Someone

How to Get Over Someone Relationships Spouses & Partners Print How to Get Over Someone By Sherri Gordon facebook twitter Sherri Gordon is a published author and a bullying prevention expert. Learn about our editorial policy Sherri Gordon Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on January 27, 2020 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on January 27, 2020 More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse In This Article Table of Contents Expand Why Breaking Up Hurts So Much How to Get Through a Breakup View All Back To Top The end of a relationship is never easy. Breakups are filled with raw emotions, including everything from hurt and betrayal to anger and sadness. But, just because heartbreak may feel like the end of the world, the reality is that the pain and anguish you feel right now is only temporary. Eventually, youll be able to move onâ€"and one day youll find love again. In fact, research indicates that it takes about 11 weeks to feel better after a dating relationship ends, according to a study published in The Journal of Positive Psychology. Meanwhile, a separate study found that it may take up to 18 months to heal if its a marriage that ends. Either way, neither situation goes on forever. Just remember that getting over heartbreak and moving on is a grieving process that looks different for everyone. Consequently, dont hold yourself to any set timeframe. There are a lot of factors that impact your healing including how long you were together, the memories and traditions you shared, and even if you had children together. But you will get through it. Why Breaking Up Hurts So Much Relationships with others form the foundation of a persons life. As a result, when you lose a relationship, especially one that you considered important and central to your life, its like losing a part of yourself. It is not uncommon to feel like you have lost your sense of meaning and purpose in life. You may even feel like you lost a huge part of yourself. And, in some respects you did. You will not be the same person you were when you were with your ex. But, if you wallow in that feeling of loss and shaken identity for too long, you will end up clinging to your past and desperately trying to fix the relationship so that you can get your exâ€"and yourselfâ€"back. As difficult and painful as it might be to accept, you have to let that part of you and your life go. Its part of the past. Yes, it is hard. But you can do it. You can take the steps needed to get on with your life. How to Get Through a Breakup Getting over someone has a lot more to do with how you think about the breakup, your ex, and even yourself, than it does following trying to erase the pain you are feeling. Consequently, as you navigate the muddy waters of your breakup, you need to continually remind yourself that this is a process, not a destination. Not only do you need to be patient with yourself, but you also need to take this time to really think about who you are, who your ex was, and why your relationship didnt work out. Learning from this experience will not only make you stronger, but it also will help you know what you want in a relationship and maybe have more success the next time around. Here are some steps to processing your breakup and getting on with your life. Take Your Time Getting over an ex is a process. It is not something you can rush through. Whats more, you should avoid rebound dating at all costs. While going out immediately after a breakup may put a band-aid on your pain, it wont cure it. And as hard as it might be, you have to face your feelings and deal with them in honest and effective ways. Sure, this process stinks. It takes a lot of time, energy, and hard work to process your feelings and emotions. But in the end it will be worth it because you will come out stronger and better than you were before. Allow Yourself to Feel No one enjoys experiencing pain. But the fact of the matter is, you have to allow yourself to feel if you are going to heal. Ignoring your feelings, pretending like they dont exist, or trying to numb them in some way, is only going to set back your recovery. Be honest about the hurt, pain, and rejection you are feeling. There is no shame in being sad. Chances are you spent a good portion of your life with this person and breaking up is bound to cause some very strong emotions. Its only when you take an honest look at how the breakup made you feel, that you will be able to navigate through your emotions in a healthy way. Ask for Help Its rare that people come to a decision to end the relationship at the same time. So, when a breakup occurs, one side is usually shocked and hurt. Consequently, these feelings of shock, rejection, hurt, and even betrayal can be difficult to navigate, especially alone. Talk to your friends about how you are feeling. Just be careful not to dwell on your breakup every time you talk. Be a considerate friend and sincerely ask about their lives as well. If you find that you need more support than what a friend should be expected to provide, consider talking with a therapist, counselor, religious leader. They are trained to help people navigate breakups. Remove Your Ex From Social Media Nothing will set your healing back more than stalking your ex on social media. Every time you see a post with their smiling face, it will be like ripping a scab off the wound. The bleeding and pain start all over again. So, unfollow them and remove them from all your accounts. Even though it is tempting to see what your ex is up to, making a clean break is better for your healing process. There is a certain amount of peace and comfort that comes from not knowing what they are up to and who they are spending time with. Allow yourself that. Avoid Drunk Communication Nothings worse than getting drunk and texting or calling your ex to ask what went wrong. Usually, when people are intoxicated, they lose their filter and you are likely to say some things that you will regret in the morning. For this reason, you may want to remove your exs contact information from your phone and delete their email account from your computer. Better yet, avoid drinking excessively all together. Drunk dialing your ex never turns out the way you might hope, and in the morning you are likely to experience shame and embarrassment. Whats more, your ex could share your voicemail messages or text messages with other people further compounding your embarrassment. For your sake, you should avoid situations like this at all costs. View the Relationship Honestly Take an objective look at what the relationship was really like. To do this, you will have to stop idealizing your ex and stop dwelling on the good memories and experiences. While it is natural to look at the past through rose-colored glasses, it is not reality. Choose to take an honest look at your relationship. You could start by making a list of all the things your ex did that annoyed you. What you may discover is that your ex wasnt as awesome as you thought. Perhaps you were involved in an emotionally abusive or financially abusive relationship. Maybe your ex was controlling or struggled with jealousy. Whatever issues existed, be sure you remind yourself of those instead of focusing only on the good things. Take Care of Yourself Just because your partner has ended a relationship does not mean that you are unworthy or unlovable. As a result, you need to focus not on what you might have done wrong, but instead focus on what you can do to feel better in the moment. This might mean taking time every day to pamper yourself in some way. Get a massage. Read a good book. Enjoy a cup of hot chocolate. Take a long bath. Whatever makes you feel comforted and cared for, now is the time to do that if you can. However, this is not the time to drink excessively, binge on fast food, or call off work repeatedly. In the end, those things will not make you feel better. They are temporary fixes and in the morning your pain and discomfort will still be there. Rediscover Who You Are If your identity was so wrapped up in your relationship with your ex, now is a perfect time to rediscover who you are. Find out who you are outside the context of the relationship. Rushing to fill the void you are experiencing without knowing who you are and what you want is a huge mistake. Its also a recipe for disaster and ultimately more heartache. Many times, relationships fail because couples are not compatible or have different goals or needs. Make sure you take the time to discover who you are and what you want. Journal Your Thoughts and Feelings Sometimes its helpful to pour out your heart with pen and paper. In fact, it can be downright cathartic to journal your thoughts. So, grab a journal and start writing. You may even want to write a letter to your ex expressing all your thoughts and feelings. Just dont send it. The simple process of writing out how you feel as if you are talking to them is very healing on its own. Besides, what you write in your letter most likely is not something you will want to share a week or two from now. Right now, your feelings are raw. Get them out, but keep them to yourself. Let Go of Anger and Blame Holding on to anger, resentment, and blame is not healthy. It will eat you up inside. Instead, focus on letting go of your anger and blame. Remind yourself that forgiveness is not about forgetting. It is about freeing yourself from being tied to your ex. When you hold onto anger and resentment, or if you blame your ex for the breakup, these feelings keep you tethered to them. And, you cannot heal as long as youre still connectedâ€"even if the emotions connecting you are negative. As a result, focus on letting go of your anger and stopping the blame game. Instead, train your eyes on the future and focus on how you want things to be different in your life the next time around. Turn It Into a Positive Contrary to popular belief, a breakup does not have to be a bad thing. They actually can be a good thing, especially if you are no longer in a toxic relationship. So, instead of focusing on the negatives surrounding the breakup, look for ways to turn it into a positive. For instance, does being single allow you more time to pursue your passions or volunteer for a worthy cause? Can you take that trip you have always dreamed of taking? Look for ways to be thankful the relationship has ended rather than dwelling on the pain. When you do, then you will begin to see the light at the end of the tunnel and being single wont seem like such a horrible thing. Remember There Are Others Out There As hard as it might be to see this right now, you will have another relationshipâ€"if you want one. You can meet new people and date again. Do not allow yourself to fall into the trap of believing that this person was your soul mate and now you will be alone forever. There is no such thing as one person for you. Dating and relationships are about making choices and there are plenty of people to choose from. If you remind yourself that on a regular basis, you will be less devastated over time. A Word From Verywell Eventually, you will be back out there dating again if you want to be. And, even if you choose not to, thats fine too. You are never be defined by your relationships. You have the same value and worth in life regardless of whether you are in a relationship or doing life alone. You matter and make a difference in the world. Never forget that. Is It Time for You and Your Partner to End the Relationship?

The Cons and Pros of University - 821 Words

University for me is where I begin my future career and adapt my learning in this area. The three major changes for me were settling into university life, working in groups and time and stress management. All of these have impacted my university experience and I am going to talk about how. Settling into university life was slightly different for me, because I chose not to move into any residency, so I commuted instead. Commuting for me is a lot cheaper than living in halls and because I don’t live to far away, it seemed logical. However there is still a cost incurred with this, such as petrol and servicing your car. You also have the road traffic to contend with and making sure you leave in adequate time to get to your lecture. I think†¦show more content†¦However I still think it is crucial to have a balance so I do make time for my self. The hardest part for me was organizing my time, as Cottrell says â€Å"Know when and where you should be for scheduled classes, events and tests.† (2012, p.14) And this for me is vital because of the structure and getting into a routine. My next change at university was working in groups and working with new people. This was personally a challenge for me because working with people you don’t know very well can be very daunting due to the fact that you don’t know what strengths people have. Belcher (no date) say’s that â€Å"Working as a team not only helps to showcase peoples various strengths, but can also allow for compensation of weaker areas as well.† Which I agree with, so getting to know your group members was also another thing to consider, in order to find out students strengths and weaknesses. Also when working in groups I think its important that everyone should play an equal part otherwise, as Emclen and Beck suggested â€Å"One member of the group can try to dominate, insisting on his or her point of view and want to take the largest share of presentation time.† (2004) This unfortunately did happen in our group, however we did approach this in a mature manner and decided it best to go around the table for ideas rather than have people shout out. Also in our group the effort wasn’t shared. I felt like I was doing a lot of the work including the arranging for a placeShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Crimes In The Duke University711 Words   |  3 Pages sex assaults, and scandals are not uncommon in sports within a university but when it hit this upscale university it was a major issue. Duke University, located in Durham North Carolina, is considered to be one of the most prestige universities in North America. With a high-profile image and only nine per cent acceptance rate, it was a huge shock when a scandal was brought to light. Back in March of 2006, three white Duke University lacrosse team members were accused of raping a black woman who wasRead Morethe pros and cons of a database management system (DBMS) for a new a newly established multi-campus Mpokeleshi University library in Muchinga province of Zambia.1989 Words   |  8 Pagesassignment is an attempt to present a position paper about the pros and cons of a database management system (DBMS) for a new a newly established multi-campus Mpokeleshi University library in Muchinga province of Zambia. It further gives sufficiently clear arguments to enable the vice-chancellor make an informed decision on the way forward. The paper will first define the major concepts under review before outlining the pros and cons of a database management system (DBMS) and finally give sufficientlyRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Paying College Athletes Essay660 Words   |  3 Pagescollege athletes continues to be a huge debate in the sports world there are pros and cons for both and both need to be considered in the big decision that the NCAA has to make. There are many pros to paying college athletes. They are unpaid workers, and in big time college athletics, not just football, there are no amateurs. Whenever you get something of value for preforming athletically, you’re a professional.(pros, cons on pay for play). People do believe that the players deserve compensationRead MorePros and Cons of Taking a Year Off Before College Essay example1109 Words   |  5 Pagesaccepted to one, and then go to college right out of high school; or you could do the same thing, but take a year off. 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Not only do these tests examine the progress of students but they also measure theRead MoreI Want to Become a Forensic Psychologist1067 Words   |  4 Pagesand issues relating to law and the legal system.† (An Overview of Forensic Psychology, 2014)The career I want to engage in is forensic psy chologist but first you have to learn the work environment, the education, the earnings, the outlook, the pros, and the cons. â€Å"With numerous portrayals in books, movies and television programs, interest in forensic psychology has grown significantly in recent years.† (An Overview of Forensic Psychology, 2014) The work environment of forensic psychologist variesRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification For The Cosmetics Industry1463 Words   |  6 PagesLuftwaffe. (RFID 2005). This paper is a very brief review of literature about RFID and its pros and cons with respect to the cosmetics industry. Methodology I input the search term RFID into a journal database and got thousands of hits—that s too many to be useful, so I added a limiter: RFID cosmetics. This came back with only a handful, which I m using in this paper. I also input RFID pros cons and got a few more, which I ll also include. The obvious conclusion is that the cosmeticsRead MoreSchool Newspaper, Fanshawe Interrobang ( House, 2013 )1504 Words   |  7 PagesWestern University. Fanshawe is also located further away and the college does not offer free public transit to its students, which would make it much more difficult for students to get to the cafe (House, 2013). Also, as with Western University, many of Fanshawe’s students would not be around the area from May through August, meaning that business would be slow during these months if Greig and Peck choose this segment to target (House, 2013). 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Economics And Immigration The Economics Of U.s....

Economics and Immigration Immigration is a topic on everyone s minds these days. With presidential candidates vying for votes in debates and political campaigns, immigration has been talked about quite a bit. But what is truly known about immigration? Since it is such a divisive issue, it is hard to know what is true and what isn’t. Unfortunately, the information most readily available to us comes in the form of opinionated articles and biased speeches by presidential candidates. Because the information we receive is biased, not necessarily true, and only a piece of a larger picture, it’s hard to know what to believe. With some saying immigration hurts our economy and others arguing for the benefits of immigration, no one truly understands the actual economic impact of immigration. For this paper, I have chosen three academic journals on the topic of the economics of immigration that agree on one important point: our immigration system is broken. The first article is en titled â€Å"The Economics of U.S. Immigration Policy.† This article was written by Pia M. Orrenius, the Assistant Vice President and Senior Economist in the research department at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, and Madeline Zavodny, a professor of economics at Agnes Scott College. This article explains that the public has become concerned with the issue of immigration because of the fiscal impacts of immigrants on our labor markets. Orrenius and Zavodny relate a plethora of facts about the economics ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Mexican Immigration On The United States1252 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: IMMIGRATION POLICY Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Immigration on the Legal, Native Workforce Christopher R. 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English Pd.8 History1118 Words   |  5 Pagesliving, immigration is actually the cause of political disagreements, economic issues, social changes and diversity, and even thousands of deaths. An article called â€Å"U.S. Immigration Before 1965† stated that the first colossal rush of United States immigration began during the colonial era, the initial component of the 19th century, which are between the late 1800s and the early 1900s. Immigration was monitored by singular states before the official o pening of the first United States immigration stationRead MoreSaul Hernandez. Com 101 Section 1018. Speech 1 Outline.1185 Words   |  5 PagesSaul Hernandez Com 101 section 1018 Speech 1 outline 2/2/2017 Illegal Immigration Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the evolution and opposing views on illegal immigration. Thesis: Illegal immigration is a controversial topic that many people do not understand. 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Has Human Activity Caused Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(27) " as a consequence of this\." In this assignment I am traveling to discourse whether human activity caused Global heating. The assignment will look at the causes and effects of Global heating. The ground I have decided to discourse planetary heating is because it ‘s a distressing chance that the Earth, the lone planet bing life that we are cognizant of, can be taken off by our actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Has Human Activity Caused Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even today its clear the effects of planetary heating, by the ice caps runing, this raises the sea degree, problematically doing inundations all around the universe, besides ensuing in clime alteration, as more H2O is absorbed into the Earth ‘s atmosphere rain falls will go more unsafe. However the human race acknowledges a alteration is needed, so the usage of electric being powered other than by the usage of fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil demands to be changed, these are fossil fuels and are non-renewable, this means one time they are used they can non be recycled and used once more. There needs to be a alteration where it has no affect on the Earth ‘s ambiance, the reply lies with renewable resorts. Global warming ‘refers to the addition in the mean temperature of planetary surface air and oceans since about 1950, and to go oning additions in those temperatures ‘ ( White, 2005 ) . Worlds have recorded temperature since 1880, and what the grounds represents the Earth ‘s surface temperature has increased. The term planetary heating is normally referred to climate alteration, although the two footings have different significances. Global heating is anthropogenetic emanations which are humanly controlled, whereas Climate alteration is a alteration in the status of the clime which can be recognized by differences in the norm or expected, such as temperature which changes so persists for a period of clip. Climatologists have studied the clime since the late 1800s and have found that human activity contributes to planetary heating by increasing Earths natural nursery consequence. The nursery consequence warms the Earth by a procedure that consists of sunshine, gases, and atoms in the ambiance. The gases trap heat in the ambiance which is known as nursery gases. In the ambiance sunlight enters through the Earth ‘s ambiance and onto the surface, it so reflects off of the surface and back through the ambiance and radiates out, nevertheless when there is an increased sum of nursery gas in the ambiance, such as Carbon dioxide and methane, so the sunlight gets re-radiated back on to the surface of the Earth and rhenium heats it doing it warmer. There are many ways planetary heating is caused, but it is split into two classs there are anthropogenetic ( manmade ) causes and natural causes. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dinosaurfact.net/extinction/greenhouse_effect.jpgThe natural causes are 1s that happen by nature. The release of methane gas from the north-polar tundra and wetlands, methane is a nursery gas. Volcanic eruptions throw dust into the sky which blocks the solar radiation and causes a chilling inclination in the ambiance, although volcanic eruptions are rare. Transformations in the Earth ‘s solar radiation points have an impact on the clime. The addition of the suns activity can do a short clip of warming rhythms on the Earth. Besides the Earth does non revolve absolutely, it shakes mistily which exposes the northern and southern latitudes more or less solar radiation. This imperfect rotary motion has caused temperatures to alter for 1000000s of old ages. Man made causes is arguably the most harm. There ‘s a scope of manmade causes, pollution is the chief job. When fossil fuels are burnt they release nurseries causes such as methane and C dioxide. As methane is already in the land when excavation for coal and oil its rebuff dug up and is released into the ambiance. ‘The chief human activities that contribute to planetary heating are the combustion of fossil fuels ( coal, oil, and natural gas ) and the glade of land ‘ ( Mastrandrea et al, 2005 ) .The bulk of the combustion of fossil fuels comes from autos, mills, warming and electricity for places. â€Å" Greenhouse gases have been increasing by really big sums since preindustrial times and the huge bulk of these additions are due to human activity † ( Prinn, 2007 ) . Another of import cause to planetary heating is population. The more people there are the more nutrient, conveyance, rubbish, autos, ECT. Food has to be transported around the universe which manuf acturers carbon emanations, cows produce immense sums of methane through there digestion. However these objects are needed for endurance. ‘Global heating is existent and that worlds are portion of the job. 1998-2007 was a record-breaking decennary for the mean surface temperature on Earth, which can non be explained by natural causes entirely ‘ ( Oreskes, 2004 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //cdn.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/hires/100609_gletscherrekonstrukt_l.jpgThe impact of planetary can be lay waste toing if it persists and could hold many detrimental effects. Plants and animate beings that live in the ocean could perchance acquire effected and be forced to accommodate to populate on land. The clime form might change doing drouths, implosion therapy, destructive storms. The polar caps could run on a perfuse graduated table doing the sea degree to lift well. Human disease could distribute across the universe and agribusiness could worsen. ( Lawrence ) If planetary heating continues to transport on or acquire worse so big countries of the ice sheets which cover most of West Antarctica will run, as a consequence the sea degree will lift all over the universe. Seashores would go afloat and eroded, surging degrees will submerse coastal metropoliss and little islands. Global heating is already bring forthing a annihilating consequence on the Arctic ice caps. The Kashmir Mountains in India have changed drastically as an consequence from Global warming. From 1809 to 2001 the image shows a clear alteration. In the Arctic, Jackson ( 2010 p. 22 ) , records 836,109 square stat mis of ice melted in the summer, which has an immediate impact on the animate beings such as Polar bears who are fighting for endurance as a consequence of this. You read "Has Human Activity Caused Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" Other North-polar animate beings are fighting to accommodate to the alteration, pengui ns have decreased in population, ‘Researcher Fraser ( 2007 ) tracked the lessening of penguins in Antarctica, where Numberss have fallen from 32,000 engendering braces to 11,000 in 30 old ages. Other animate beings and workss could hold to alter their home ground as they will happen it difficult to last with the changeless temperature alterations. For illustration workss will non be able to bloom without a nice sum of winter cold. And because of worlds ever constructing new houses it will do it hard for these new workss to happen new topographic points to populate. Animals such as butterflies and foxes will hold to accommodate and travel to northern countries where it is ice chest, this will besides impact over life beings who feed off of these animate beings. Besides Spruce bark beetles have increased due to warmer temperatures, and have eaten up to around 4million estates of spruce tree, the trees are really of import as they cut down Carbon emanations in the Earth ‘s ambiance, as they use it for photosynthesis. Severe conditions conditions may good go more common, such as rainfall might increase, deluging and drouths may happen in some countries. Hurricanes and tropical storms might go more regular and besides become stronger. An extra consequence is easy noticed, from the past few old ages the degree of snow has increased in some states which has a upseting outcome a major hazard, as it disrupts and ruins farms, houses, potentially causes decease and its really dearly-won. Diseases such as malaria and dandy fever could distribute to larger populated parts. And long lasting heat moving ridges can do unwellnesss and decease through desiccation. The inundations and drouths will do famishment and malnutrition. Ocean life will go affected by planetary heating as the H2O temperature increases the force per unit area on the ecosystems such as the coral reefs, the addition of the H2O temperature can do a harmful procedure called coral bleaching. During coral bleaching algae is expelled which gives the coral reef its coloring material and nutriment. The coral so turns into a white coloring material and unless the H2O is decreased they will decease and decompose. And when the H2O warms it helps diseases spread through sea life.http: //www.starsandseas.com/SAS_Images/SAS_ecol_images/SAS_ecol_physical/cycle_carbon_4.jpg Organic chemicals are made from Carbon more than any other atom, therefore the rhythm is a really of import. The Earth ‘s ambiance contains 0.035 % of C dioxide and the biological environment depends on workss to pull C into sugars. Plants use photosynthesis, sunshine is used to adhere C to glucose which releases O in the procedure. When animate beings consume and digest workss they obtain Carbon, so hence Carbon travels to the biotic environment through the trophic system. Carbon so returns to the environment in a figure of ways. Plants and animate beings respire which releases CO2, nevertheless workss happen to utilize more CO2 for photosynthesis. Another manner for CO2 to return back into the environment is through the decomposition of works and animate beings. When they die they their organic structure ‘s decomposes, in the procedure some of the C returns back in to the environment through fossilisation. But some remains in the biological environment as other beings e at the decomposed. Is planetary warming a consequence of human activity? The milankovitich theory explains that it might non be human activity and could perchance be a consequence of the Earth ‘s orbit around the Sun that can consequence long term clime alteration. His theory explains ‘that as the Earth travels through infinite around the Sun cyclical fluctuations in three elements of Earth-sun geometry combine to bring forth fluctuations in the sum of solar energy that reaches Earth ‘ ( Kaufman 2002 ) . The three orbit fluctuations are called ; eccentricity, asynclitism and precession. Eccentricity describes the form of the Earth ‘s orbit around the Sun. Thomas ( 2002 ) found that as the Earth orbits around the Sun, the orbit alterations from an about circle to a somewhat stretched circle form. The consequence of this alteration means there are fluctuations in the solar energy, Davies ( 2002 ) notes that the clip frame for this happening happens around 98,000 old ages. The term asynclitism describes the alterations of the Earths joust. Kaufman ( 2002 ) explains the tilt scopes from 22.1o and 24.5o, and has an norm of 23.5o. The tilt alterations in a circle around 40,000 old ages. As it changes the seasons become more varied. â€Å" The more tilt means more terrible seasons – heater summers and colder winters ; less tilt agencies less terrible seasons – ice chest summers and milder winters † ( Kaufman, 2002 ) . The alteration in the orientation in the Earths rotational axis is called precession. This rhythm takes around 19,000 – 23,000 old ages. Precession is caused by two factors: A a wobble of the Earth ‘s axis and a turning around of the egg-shaped orbit of the Earth itself ( Thomas, 2002 ) .A The alteration in the axis causes an addition or a lessening in the seasonal effects. Thomas ( 2002 ) provinces, the Earth is closest to the Sun in the Northern hemisphere winter, which makes the winters at that place less terrible. Research grounds from Imperial College in London suggests that the suns productiveness is a chief consequence to the addition in planetary temperature over the old ages, and non carbon emanations produced by worlds. The Sun which produces immense sums of energy has been suspected to be less active, so hence scientist believed that it could n’t warm the Earth and it must be human activity via green house gases which was causes the transcending temperatures. However, the research workers observed the Sun from 2004 to 2007 by NASAs solar radiation and climate experiment orbiter. The consequences found that the Sun had been bring forthing less energy than usual, in line with surveillance demoing a decreased degree in sunspot motion, but emitted more seeable visible radiation and near infrared wavelengths. The wavelengths formed radiated heat which can easy pierce the Earth ‘s ambiance, heats up the surface. The Sun thought to hold been calm over the decennary has been warmin g the planet more strongly than earlier. ‘Brightness of the Sun can act upon the clime from decennary to decennary ‘ ( Remer, 2010a ) . Harmonizing to research workers at Imperial College, although the Sun ‘s activity declined over this period, the new research shows that it may hold really caused the Earth to go heater. Opposing to outlooks, the measure of energy making the Earth at seeable wavelengths improved instead than decreased as the Sun ‘s activity declined, doing this warming consequence. Beginning: NASA Earth observatory â€Å" These consequences are disputing what we thought we knew about the Sun ‘s consequence on our clime. The professor besides goes on to state that because of great belief in pollution that the consequences might be difficult to believe, but the findings are excessively of import non to print now ‘ ( Haigh, 2010 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nrs.fs.fed.us/niacs/local-resources/images/nasa_graph.gif Other support to demo human activity is non to fault for planetary heating, ‘Two major volcanic eruptions, El Chichon in 1982 and Pinatubo in 1991, pumped sulfur dioxide gas high into the ambiance. The gas was converted into bantam atoms that lingered for more than a twelvemonth, reflecting sunshine and shadowing Earth ‘s surface. Temperatures across the Earth dipped for two to three old ages ‘ ( Remer, 2010b ) . Riebeek argues, ‘Although vents are active around the universe, and go on to breathe C dioxide as they did in the yesteryear, the sum of C dioxide they release is highly little compared to human emanations ‘ . There is much grounds back uping human activity does lend to Global warming.This graph shows since the usage of fossil fuels have increased by worlds, the CO2 concentration has increased from 277 parts per million in 1880, to 380 parts per million. The planetary temperature graph shows the temperature has risen from 1960 to 1961 as the norm degrees in CO2 has increased, which shows a nexus between the two. Therefore explains that human existences to hold a really big impact on planetary heating. Looking at the statement it ‘s clear that humans lend more nurseries gases than natural causes although they still have an consequence on the addition of C emanations in the ambiance. How to cite Has Human Activity Caused Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Research And Decision Making For Business †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Research And Decision Making For Business? Answer: Introducation For selecting the samples, the researcher needs to take into consideration, generational theory. This is in reference to the attainment of understanding regarding the expression, body language and reactions of the individuals towards the levied products and services (Sekaran Bougie, 2016). This understanding is important in terms of the capability to group the audience based on certain common characteristics. Passion towards handicrafts, local cultural heritage are some of the factors, which people find while visiting the village shops. These characteristics are mainly found in the people belonging to the age group of 18-30. This categorization is in terms of passion towards the possession of cultural artifacts. Along with the theory, marketing mix also helps in identification and specification of the samples. Experimentation with the handicrafts and their price in the form of exhibitions, free passes to museums provides proper guidance to the marketing personnel regarding the selection of the samples. Exhibitions and museums are the sources, which supports the marketing personnel to increase the trafficking of the audience towards the handicrafts (Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald, 2014). Keeping high price might not be easy for selecting the target audience; however it would attract large number of audience. For selecting the samples, the researchers as well as the marketing personnel need to abide by Data Protection Act (1998) for preserving the individual sentiments of the samples. Along with this, liberal approach needs to be taken in terms of comfort and convenience of the samples. If they feel uncomfortable regarding the proposed questions, they must be allowed to withdraw the process of interview or survey immediately (Iphofen, 2016). Sampling options The samples can be selected through simple, random and probability as well as non-probability basis. No theory or considerations are followed for selecting the samples on simple basis. In this category, the samples are selected simply for completing the purpose of data collection. This type of technique aggravates the complexities in terms of adopting efficient means for communicating with the selected samples. This is also the case with random selection (Iphofen, 2016). However, in the probability basis, the marketing personnel need to consider genetical theory, its impact on the selected samples among others. Apart from this, non-probability methods also help in selecting the samples for business research. Within this, connivance sampling technique attains an important position. This is an effective method of selecting the samples, which are easily approachable. Typical examples in this direction are selecting the samples from the general public visiting a shopping mall. Here, there is only one condition, that is, to consider the willingness of the samples to answer the proposed questions (Patten, 2017). The reviews of this sampling technique are not always positive due to the errors in exact presentation of the responses provided by the samples. This sampling technique will be beneficial in terms of conducting business research on the tourists visiting the village shops. This is in reference to the attraction of the people towards the local heritage. Using social media for informing the samples regarding the exhibitions on handicrafts is a typical example in this direction. This can be carried out by considering the common likings and disliking of the samples. Assessing the impact of selecting this medium upon the business is one of the crucial grounds for the undertaking beneficial decisions regarding satisfaction of the needs, demands and requirements of the identified target (Wedel Kannan, 2016). Uploading the image of the handicrafts, along with its specification and price, supports the audience to ensure whether it matches with their needs, demands and requirements. Apart from this, the means of survey and feedback makes the marketing personnel aware of the specific tastes and preferences. Effective consideration of these preferences acts as an agent in terms of selecting samples. This is also applicable for the parameter of price. Adopting premium pricing method and asking for review from the selected target can be accounted as one of the effective strategies, which can be adopted for aligning with the buying behavior of the sample size (Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald, 2014). Sampling plan Target population The whole population bearing direct or indirect relationship with the subject matter of the research is the samples. However, due to the lack of adequate time and financial resources, the researcher needs to select a stipulated sample size (Patten, 2017). This is applicable for this research also. The people belonging to the age group of 18-30 are passionate towards the handicrafts. This is in terms of the cultural heritage of a country, which pulls the tourists. Sample frame In a research, sample frame enhances the clarity of the readers regarding the sources from where the samples are selected. This includes individuals, members of a household and institutions, from where the samples are segregated from the whole population for collecting the necessary data (Levy Lemeshow, 2013). As non-probability method is followed in this research for data collection process, therefore, the samples are selected from the visitors visiting the exhibitions and museums. Sampling method The samples for the research are collected through simple, random, probability and non-probability basis. In this research, the non-probability method is applied. Within this, the researcher selects connivance sampling technique. Process for deriving the sample size There are various determinants in which the sample size can be identified for completion of data collection process in business research. One of these is the experience, which needs the consideration of easy availability and convenience of the data. The second determinant is target variance. This is done by calculations and estimations as the sample derived can differ from the sample obtained. The third determinant is the statistical tests (Patten, 2017). This is done once the samples are selected. These tests ensure the appropriateness of the selected samples in terms of the required data. The fourth determinant is confidence level, which establishes accurate results and mitigates the chances of errors. In this research, the determinant of target variance would be appropriate in order to determine the sample size. This is in terms of varying targets in terms of the passion for local handicrafts. References Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J. R., MacDonald, C. (2014).Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Iphofen, R. (2016).Ethical decision making in social research: A practical guide. Springer. Levy, P. S., Lemeshow, S. (2013).Sampling of populations: methods and applications. John Wiley Sons. Patten, M. L. (2017).Understanding research methods: An overview of the essentials. Taylor Francis. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2016).Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Wedel, M., Kannan, P. K. (2016). Marketing analytics for data-rich environments.Journal of Marketing,80(6), 97-121.

Clarence Earl Gideon Was Charged In A Florida State Court With Having

Clarence Earl Gideon was charged in a Florida state court with having broken and entered a poolroom with intent to commit a misdemeanor. Appearing in court without funds and without a lawyer, Gideon asked the Florida state court to appoint counsel for him, whereupon the following troubles took place. The only way Gideon would be appointed a lawyer if it was a capitol offense. After his conviction, Gideon filed in the Supreme Court of Florida the present habeas corpus petition, attacking his conviction on the grounds that his federal constitutional rights were violated by the trial court's refusal to appoint counsel. The court, without opinion, denied relief. After going back to trial the Supreme Court found in favor of Gideon. In doing so it declared that all defendants in felony cases have the right to an attorney. Justice Hugo Black, stated that the court was returning too...old precedents, souder we believe than the new. In a opinion by Black, expressing the views of seven members of the Court, it was held that the Sixth Amendment's provision that in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to have the assistance of counsel for his defense was made obligatory upon the states by the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court of the United States reversed, overruling Betts v. Brady, wherein it had been held that due process of law does not require that in every case, regardless of circumstances, an indigent accused must be furnished counsel by the state. Gideon recieved a new trial with a lawyer and the jury acquitted him. Can people afford lawyers, most poverty stricken people can't? Gideon was a poor man who could't pay a lawyer to help him in his case, so he was considered a layman at his trial. Most people don't know of Clarence Earl Gideon or realize how much his case effects us in our everyday life. Gideon's case with the Supreme Court of the United States shows in the meranda rights, and in our court rooms everyday. Remember this, if you can't afford a lawyer, and the courts appoint you one, it's because Clarence Earl Gideon made that happen. Bibliography Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963)

Estate Agents I.T. Problem Essays

Estate Agents I.T. Problem Essays Estate Agents I.T. Problem Essay Estate Agents I.T. Problem Essay Ward and Partners are an estate agents in Eynsford, Dartford and Gravesend. They advertise houses in their windows and in newspapers. However for a potential buyer looking for a house they will want specific things, e.g. 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms. So basically what I am saying is that the estate agents cannot match a house perfectly to a persons needs, as they do not have all the information stored about every house in their memories. So I am going to design a working database/website that people can search for their perfect house on 24hours a day. There are many ways of solving this problem for the data handling and communications coursework. You could make a database to hold all of the information and quickly search through the records of the houses but a better way of performing this take would be to make the database a part of a web page so that people could access the system 24 hours a day. When looking to buy a house it is very time consuming having to visit the estate agents often to see the new houses on the market and to keep looking through 2 or 3 papers. So I am going to create a web site which includes a database which holds all the information about all the houses that the company has to offer. People can then search the database on the internet 24 hours a day. To make this website I will have to find information about houses and input the information into the database. The website will be very user friendly so everyone can access it. Description Of Problem The system will be very simple , it will use peoples needs to find their ideal house. I am planning to do this by asking a few simple questions about what the user wishes their ideal house to be like. Once the user has input their information a list of the matching houses will appear on the screen with a picture and instructions of how to view the house and more information about it. At the moment the estate agents have all the information kept in files in filling drawers. The sellers information is kept on computer but not information about the house they wish to sell. It is not easy for the estate agents to remember all the details about every house they are offering and normally rely on people choosing houses from the pictures in the window or from the paper. But obviously they cannot advertise every house this way so by placing all their properties on a database there are many positive points such as:- * The database can hold information about EVERY property the agents are selling. * The database would be very easy to search * Estate agents can find properties matching the buyers needs very easily resulting in more sales * The database can be incorporated into a website which can be searched by people at home using the internet. This can be done 24 hours a day. * The estate agents will have more time getting new properties as they will not have to look through every profile for new buyers. The information system that I am planning to introduce will also be based on a computer, but everything, including the pictures, will be kept on the computer. Nothing will be on pieces of paper, the questionnaire about the customers needs will also be kept on the computer. It is clear that the use of I.T can be used in this example, I believe that its use will make this estate agency more efficient, able to cope with a larger amount of customers and so enable them to bring more money into their business. I am planning to produce web pages containing information about my company, Estate Limited, and a search facility to find the correct houses. The customer will have to answer a few very short questions, for example: * Number Of Bedrooms? 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. * Number Of Bathrooms?-1,2,3 * Type of property detached, semi-detached, terraced, flat, bungalow. * Price Range. * Extras e.g garage, double glazing. The questions will be multiple choice , the answers will be in a pull down list form to make the questionnaire easy to understand. The results of the search will appear along with a picture of the property, the location and the asking price. The system will not allow you to buy the house, it just gives you a list of possible properties according to the customers needs so the customer will be able to find out more information on their chosen property from the estate agent. Viewings can then be arranged and possibly follow on to a sale of the property. The website will be assessable 24 hours a day 7 days a week and so anyone who has access to a computer with a modem and internet access s will be able to search the database whenever they choose. INVESTIGATION ANALYSIS Planning To improve the system I will first have to find out about the current system in use so I will send a questionnaire to ward and partners asking them about the system they are using. I will be designing the system for a computer running windows. These are the questions I will use: * Does the current system use windows? * Is the system easy to use? * What information about the propertys do you keep on the system? * Can your customers access the information? * If yes how? * If there was a system available that would let your customers access details on all your properties would you feel it would benefit your business? I am going to design a system that lets potential buyers and customers of an estate agents to look at all the properties the estate agent has on file. They will be able to access this database from home as it will be available on the internet 24 hours a day 7 days a week. There will be a questionnaire for the customer to fill out, only a few questions about what they would like to have in their property from the information they give the database will then be searched and the computer will display any suitable houses. The information about the house will be a short description, the asking price , a picture and a number to contact for further information. Research I have researched the current system available at ward and partners a local estate agent and have found that the current system consists of the following steps: * The customer is asked to fill in a short questionnaire about the house they require. * The answers to the questionnaire are then put onto the computer and the database is searched for a suitable house. * The estate agent only has a few details about the property . there is no picture kept on file all the other information is kept in a filling draw and has to be searched for manually. This is a very time consuming process and of course the customer wont always be happy with the first house so the estate agent must be expected to repeat this process a numerous amount of times. The actual computers: * are between 2 and 3 years old * have a processor speed of 233MHz * probably have a small amount of memory, e.g. 16 or 32 Mb RAM (Random Access Memory) * run Windows 95 * have Microsoft Office 97 installed * have modems and an Internet connection Analysis The strengths and weaknesses of the current system are shown below. Strengths Weaknesses__ * Accurate. * Reliable. * All computers have a modem and an Internet connection. _ * Very Slow. * Difficult to use ,not user friendly. * Technology is out of date therefore the computers are relatively slow. * No web site for advertising * No search available for people to use at home. * Not used by all sorts of people, it is mainly used by couples and students. __ Feasibility It is possible to produce a better system for purchasing a house and I definitely think it is worthwhile, as there are many things that could be improved with the current system. The strengths and weaknesses of the current system are stated above and show that the weaknesses by far exceed the strengths. Specification Of Problem Based on my analysis of the problem, my system must: * be user friendly * be faster than the old system. * be designed to be used on a web site. * ask people questions about their ideal house and search to find the most appropriate houses. * be accurate and reliable. * be suitable for use by all sorts of people. * store all of the information on the computers so that there is no need for a filing cabinets. * Be quick to use. Design Of Solution Hardware This is the schools hardware system and it is quite a high specification, my webpage and database would run on a lower specification if needed. _ N14 N18 Processor PII 400mHz ; Celeron 700mHz Celeron 700mHz Hard drive 4.3GB-10GB 10GB Memory(RAM) 128 MB 128MB Monitor/VDU SVGA Hansol Inc ; SVGA Samtron Inc SVGA Samtron Inc CD-ROM 18x ; 52x 52x Zip drive 100MB 100MB Floppy drive Yes Yes Printers Brother Laser(mono) Brother Laser(Colour) Brother Laser(mono) Scanner 1200x600dpi Software The software that would be most appropriate to use,and I will use is Microsoft Front Page for the design of the website, Microsoft Excel for all the data and Microsoft word for the actual write up . Excel97 for the use in the database, I have found that it id the best package for this type of work and is easily used. It is also compatible with all Microsoft applications. Word97 for the use of word processing. I have found that it is very easy to use and the most popular word processing package, meaning that a client can take home contracts etc on disk and down load them onto his own computer as the chances are they too have Word 97. In order for me to create a prototype I need to know the information which it must display. To do this I asked one of the estate agents. She stated that the property pages must include the features the property has to offer, the asking price, a photo of the property and its location. She also stated that it would be helpful if they could tell how many people had accessed the web site and gain their details for the database via the Internet. * Application To meet the evaluation criteria and specification for my system, I need a software application that is suitable for designing and making web pages. From the web site, I must be able to search a list of houses and so I will require another suitable software application to do this. I have looked at the appropriate facilities of various applications and this is what I have found. Application_Facilities___Searching * _Web sites__Word-processor_Find words in a document_Hyperlinks * Tables * Backgrounds * Images * Text__Spreadsheet_Find words or formulae in a spreadsheet * Search for the same words in a column and display them together_Hyperlinks * Images__Database_Search through records to find matches for information_None__Web site editor_Find words in a web page_Backgrounds * Hyperlinks * Tables * Images * Animated images Text__Programming * language_None_Special effects * Backgrounds * Hyperlinks * Tables * Images * Animated images * Text __ From this table I can see that to search through records I should use a database or powerful spreadsheet and to make a web site I should use a web site editor or a programming language. * Software Packages Now that I know that I need to use a database or a powerful spreadsheet and a web page editor or programming language, I need to look at the different software packages and languages that are available for me to use. First the database. Software package_Facilities and information * __Microsoft Access_Database only, so will have more facilities * More commonly used than Microsoft Works * Very powerful tool * Difficult to use properly without proper training__Microsoft Works_Combined word-processor, spreadsheet, database and address book so will not have as many facilities as Microsoft Access or Excel * Less commonly used than Microsoft Access and Excel__Microsoft Excel_Designed to be a spreadsheet so it focuses on facilities for producing web pages however, it has basic database facilities * Easier to use than Microsoft Access * More commonly used than Microsoft works __ Now the web page editor. Software package_Facilities and information * __Microsoft Word_Doesnt support frames * Text can be easily inserted and formatted * Hyperlinks can be inserted between pages * HTML code cannot be seen * Forms can be inserted * Tables can be inserted * Backgrounds can be set easily * Word Art can be used * Creates a lot of unnecessary code__Microsoft Front Page Express_Doesnt support frames * Text can be easily inserted and formatted * Hyperlinks can be inserted between pages * HTML code can be viewed and altered if needed. * Forms can be inserted * Tables can be inserted * Backgrounds can be set easily * Web bot connections (time and date) can be inserted * Created a lot of unnecessary code __ Finally the programming language. Language_Facilities and information * __HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up Language)_All web pages use this code to tell the browser that the code is a web page * Can take a long time to learn and use quickly * Web pages can be made to look exactly as you want them to * Can be used with other programming languages e.g. JavaScript to create special effects * Text can be inputted and formatted * Images can be inputted * Backgrounds can be set * Hyperlinks can be inserted between pages and links can be inserted within documents * Forms can be inserted * Tables can be inserted * Frames can be created and viewed * Image maps can be drawn * Created by using tags, e.g. A and /A * Can be written in a small program like Notepad __ From these tables, I conclude that even though Access is a much more powerful database tool I will use Microsoft Excel as it is easier to use. I shall also use the programming language HTML instead of a web page editor as I can make the web site look exactly how I wish it to look and I can control the code that is used to make the web page, so that there is no unnecessary HTML. However, it is easier to use a web page editor if you do not know any HTML as the programmes often look like word processors however, they do restrict the types of data that you can put on the web pages and you cannot use frames to aid the navigation through the web site. Data Input I have obtained my data from a variety of different sources. Most of the data is from John Huttchingson estates website; this showed lots of different propertys at a wide range of prices.The data at the moment is either written down or is on the website I am using for ideas. It is now necessary for the information to be moved from the form it is in to the computer. There are various different ways this could be done: Advantages Disadvantages Scanning _The data can be easily scanned on to the computer and then a text converter used to turn the data into text on the screen._ALL of the data would have to be written in a very clear format in order for the scanner to be able to read all of the data__Typing Manually_Easy to do, and labour saving as you can just do it yourself._Time consuming, as with every new piece of information the typist must then enter the data.__Microphone_Does not involve any typing._Is still time consuming, as each word must b enunciated very clearly or the text converter will not detect the word correctly.__Sensors ; Data logging _There is less opportunity for mistakes _The system requires another program to convert the results into useful information__Optical character reader_The data can be entered with no typing_The optical character reader needs to be able read all of the data so it must be in readable format__Mouse_The data can be entered without typing_Some of the data would already have to be entered on to the computer. It is time consuming.__ My main choice will be the keyboard as it suits the task I need it to perform. * Data Input Format Because I am using a database, my data will be arranged in fields. The data that is entered into the fields can be restricted to text, numbers, time, etc. Field name_Data Type_Example_Field length_Other Info __Property Ref_Numbers_14_4_The number of the client /property__Address_Text and Numbers_14 apple close_200_The address of the property__Town_Text_Dartford_20_The location of the property__Value_Numbers_à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200,000_10_The asking price of the property__Type______Number of Bedrooms_Text and numbers_DA2 7AZ_8_Postcodes are a maximum of 8 characters long__Garage_Numbers_01234 567890_11_Phone numbers are only 11 digits long__Garden_Text_Detached_13_Have to choose from a list__Number of Bathrooms_Numbers_20,000 30,000_15_Have to choose from a list 100,000 is the highest option__Double Glazing_Numbers_20,650_7_à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100,000 is the highest value possible__Central Hating_Text_Yes_3_Yes or no Have to choose from a list__Status_Text_Yes_3_Yes or no Have to choose from a list__Parking_Text_Single_6_Have to choose from a list__Picture_Text_Yes_3_Yes or no Have to choose from a list__ * Data Validation and Verification It is very important that all of the data in my system is correct. This is because people could search for the wrong things in my database and receive the wrong matches. If the names and addresses are incorrect, people will go to the wrong house and the wrong house will be sold. On the web pages, it is not so important that the data is correct as it is most likely to be spelling mistakes, however, it makes a bad impression if words are spelt wrongly. The data that will be put into my system is: * Property Ref * Address * Town * Value * whether the house has a garden * whether the house has a garage * whether the house has central heating * whether the windows are double glazed * Type Of House * Number of bedrooms * Number of bathrooms * Status of the property * If the house has parking * Picture All the data types and field lengths are shown on the table above. The sorts of errors that are most likely are spelling and typing errors. Most of the data that I am putting into the database can be checked by validation by the computer as Microsoft Excel has a built-in validation check for spelling and I can program in many validation checks of my own, including macros. I have had to program most of my own validation checks to reduce the number of errors that people make when typing in data into the database. Microsoft Excel has a feature that allows you to validate cells easily and effectively to decrease the number of errors that are entered into the system. It allows you to set limits on a cell and allow lists of data which appear as a drop-down list on the cell. I have used different types of validation in my database. To set the validation for a cell, you click Data on the toolbar and select Validation from the list of options. (Data validation) After this, you can change the validation , enter an input message and enter an error message Drop-down lists I have mainly used drop-down lists to limit the possibilities that can be entered into the cells and also to prevent the words from being spelt wrongly. I have used this type validation to allow the type of property to be selected from a list of five words: * Semi-detached * Detached * Flat * Bungalow * Terrace _ This image shows that when you click on a cell with this type of validation a list appears underneath the cell and an input message appears next to the cell explaining how to enter data into the cell. I have set the validation for this cell to show a list and display an input message to explain how to enter the data. _ _ _This image shows that I have allowed a list to be shown. It also shows the source of the list, i.e. the cells that contain the list of words. This image shows the input message that I have entered for this cell to explain how to enter data into the cell. This image shows the error message that I have entered for this cell if the data that is entered is incorrect. _ I have used validation similar to this for allowing people to enter or select: * Price Range * Number of bedrooms required * Number of bathrooms required * The location of the house * Whether the house has a garden * Whether the house has double glazing. * Whether the house has central heating * Whether the house has parking facilities Limits The validation facility allows you to set limits on a cell. This can be used to specify a minimum and maximum number to be entered into a cell or to specify the minimum and maximum number of characters that can be entered into a cell. If the data entered is outside the limits defined by the validation, an error message is displayed on the screen which states the limits of the cell. _ This validation shows that a number between 1 and 5 can be entered into the cell before an error message appears. To validate peoples forenames and surnames, I allowed a number of characters to be entered into a cell. _ _ The maximum number of characters that can be entered into the cell is 15. So, if more than 15 characters are entered into the cell, an error message appears on the screen. Since all names have to be catered for, the only validation that I have used is that each field has to be at least two characters. * Database Microsoft Excel offers the feature of creating your own custom views so that you have one set of data, you can just choose to look at it in a number of different ways. You have to program them in by hiding rows and columns but once they are saved you dont have to re-format the workbook to look like it did. My database has a number of different views: * It has a view for all of the data so that, if needed, you can change the validation checks easily and you can add more views when they are needed. * It has a view for inputting information into the database so that you cannot easily change the validation checks yet you can still input data into the database easily. * Lastly, it has a view for people using the database to search. Unfortunately, if they change any of the data on the view, it will change the data until Excel is loaded again and it will therefore affect the searches and the wrong results will be received. All of the data No rows or columns have been hidden from view and the lists for the validation checks can be seen and edited. All of the data can be edited, but not searched. Enter new data This view shows all of the columns, but the rows with the lists for the validation checks have been hidden so that they cannot be changed. The macro allowing data that has been entered in a form has not been hidden so that if the people putting data into the database choose to enter the data in a form they can still validate the data easily and correct it where necessary. Documentation * Technical Documentation Minimum system requirements: * processor speed of 200 MHz * Memory * sound card * video card * CD-ROM drive * Windows 95 * Microsoft office 97 * Free hard disk space The hardware and an operating system usually comes already installed on most computers that have been bought, so this is not a problem. To install Microsoft Office 97 you will require a CR-ROM drive and a CD containing Office 97 on it. When the CD runs, the set-up will help you to install Office 97 onto the system. I could pass on my system and web site by burning the database, web pages and images onto a CD to allow easy storage, and protection. I could have used a 3.5 inch floppy disk, but data can easily be over-written and they can be damaged easily, whereas, CDs are more robust than floppy disks and cannot be over-written unless: a) The company, Ward and partners, has a CD re-writer and then, b) I burn the data onto a re-writable CD The CD would be inserted into the CD-ROM drive and all of the information on it copies onto the computers hard disk, so now there are two copies of the data, so that if one is lost, there is still a back-up copy of the data. The files can then be opened and edited Before my system can be used by a customer, real data about houses and their current owners must be inputted into the database, as I have made 99 sets of imaginary data just for demonstration purposes and to show that my system works properly and does the jobs that it is supposed to do.

Economic analyses of collusive bidding behavior Article

Economic analyses of collusive bidding behavior - Article Example In line with this, anyone who will be caught guilty of entering into a collusion to control the auction price of milk will be required to pay fine, sent to jail for a period of six month, or both (Porter & Zona, 1997). Despite the government’s effort to control the incidence of collusion in school milk auctions in the U.S., the culture behind collusion in school milk auctions has been going on for a long period of time. The economic issues behind the procurement process and nature of auction for school milk will be provided to give the readers a better understanding of the case study. In response to the case study, some of the key economic issues that could explain the development of collusion in school milk auction will be identified and tackled in details. In line with this, the impact of economic factors like prices, consumer welfare, actual and potential competitors on market competition will be examined to enable us to determine whether or not economic reasons could stimulate the high incidence of collusion in school milk auction will be answered. As part of going through the explanation, the theory of supply and demand will be use to explain what really happens in the market of school milk. The main purpose of the study is to encourage the student to develop his/her expertise in analyzing the economic factors that could trigger the high incidence of collusion in school milk auction in Ohio. The market of school milk supply in the United States is purely affected by the demand, production process, and competition among the suppliers within a geographic area (Porter & Zona, 1997). Although the market of school milk supply is dictated by supply and demand curve, the fact that each school conducts a yearly auction does not necessarily mean that a higher the demand for milk supply would invite more potential milk suppliers to join the

Trends in income distribution in the United States Essay

Trends in income distribution in the United States - Essay Example The higher concentration wealth to the a few people will reflect a hierarchical structured society. Moreover, a relatively sprite distribution of income among people will reflect a bigger middle class. Either two of the circumstances has an impact on the situation, conditions and perceptions of people. The first situation implies a better situation for those who are more affluent or those who are in the upper strata of society. This can also dictate an unfair playing ground between the have’s and the have not’s. The second situation entails more social equity. This means that opportunities are fair to all people regardless of their class. This will also reflect the government’s structure and the degree of welfare it provide to its citizens. It may be noted that the gap in income distribution may be a major cause of negative perceptions among Americans, which divides the country into economic lines (Allen, 2007). Scholars have studied trends in the income distribution in various industrialized countries including the United States. In the said studies, the scholars have identified a pattern in the income distribution of industrialized countries particularly in the trajectories of income distribution. The common features suggest a systematic pattern in which inequality at first increased, reached a peak, and later declined in the course of industrial development. This creates an inverted U shape figure. Further studies reflect that after the 1970s, a reversal of the first study occured (Allen, 2007). Income distribution can be gleaned through various measures such as data on household income, individual income or tax accrued to the government. Income distribution can also be studied vis-Ã  -vis other factors such as gender, regional distribution, race, etc. Each year, the U.S. Census Bureau releases data on the

Effective Leadership and Teamwork in Nursing

Effective Leadership and Teamwork in Nursing Effective leadership and teamwork in nursing, with particular reference to psychiatric (mental health) nursing, within the context of professional practice and client (patient) perspectives As part of the campaign to deliver effective health and social care, the Government’s modernisation agenda focuses on strengthening nursing leadership and developing inter-professional teamwork. It is proposed that having good quality clinical leadership skills among all health professionals is perceived as vital to the provision of high-quality, effective patient-centred care, as well as for the development and future of the National Health Service (NHS) (Department of Health (DOH), 2000, pp59-71). Nurse leadership has developed significantly over the past decade and now nurses can become nurse consultants, nurse practitioners, and modern matrons or run nurse-led units. It is debated that high calibre nurse leadership can produce more motivated and effectual staff, reduce the risk of errors in drug management, decrease staff turnover and rates of sickness, result in fewer patient complaints and most importantly improve patient care (Williams et al, 2001, pp1-3). This essay wi ll critically analyse effective leadership and teamwork in nursing, especially within a mental health nursing context, with respect to professional practice and patient perspectives. As mentioned leadership skills have for a long time been acknowledged as a solution to the provision of good health care. In order to achieve first-rate health care, healthcare personnel especially senior nurses must be able to effectively lead teams, particularly across professional, clinical and organisational boundaries (Taylor, 2007, p30). Two of the key roles of a lead nurse or senior nurse manager are that of supporting staff and overseeing nursing in the provision of patient care (Castledine, 2004, p119). It is proposed that meeting staff needs improves satisfaction, productivity and efficiency and it is debated that productivity is now an important concept within health and social care sectors. It is suggested that productivity within the healthcare industry is defined by the quality of patient care. Arguably, productivity is not exclusively dependent upon how hard and well individuals work, but about meeting staff needs and support from leaders and colleagues (Moiden, 2003, p19). Debatably, where team leaders or managers are concerned about the needs and objectives of their staff, and are aware of the social and physical conditions that affect their working environments, productivity and efficiency will improve. It is possibly that a lack of working environments that support staff affects the quality of care for patients. It is suggested that it is vital that the nurse manager has leadership skills that allow a team to work together effectively (Moiden, 2003, p19). Nurse leaders sho uld be seen frequently by those they lead as high visibility could ensure that support is obtainable when most needed. Similarly, nurse leaders must ensure that staff skills are used in such a way that patients’ obtain the greatest benefit from their abilities. This can be achieved by the nurse leaders enabling others to act and giving positive responses to work-related performance. This will facilitate motivation, increasing job satisfaction and promoting better patient care (Clegg, 2000), p44). Within a psychiatric nursing environment whether it is in the community or in a mental health unit teamwork is imperative for both the staff and the service users. In the field of psychiatric nursing, nurses work as a team with other professionals such as psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, occupational therapists and social workers. Therefore, responsibility for the service users is shared across the whole multi-disciplinary team and each service user relates to several team members (Williams, 2005, p39). Arguably, the team approach to patient care within mental health nursing has advantages in terms of reducing dependency on team members, and reducing levels of burnout. It is debated that teamwork is vital in order to provide a safe and therapeutic environment that respects the service user’s dignity while promoting independence and preparation for life in society. The team approach can be supportive and creative but it is not without its problems (Machin, 1998, p17). Onyett et al (1997) studied a sample of four hundred and forty-five team members across various disciplines working in fifty-seven Community Mental Health Teams (CMHTs). Emotional exhaustion, low personal accomplishment, depersonalisation, job satisfaction and sick leave was examined in relation to the perceived clarity of the role of the team, personal role clarity, identification with ones profession and the team, caseload size, composition and the frequency with which users were seen. Excessive emotional exhaustion was reported, predominantly among consultant psychiatrists, social workers, nurses and psychologists. High job satisfaction, high individual achievement and â€Å"low depersonalisation† were also found. Job satisfaction was associated with â€Å"team role clarity† and identification with the team. Caseload size, assemblage and the frequency with which service users were seen were not associated with job satisfaction or burnout. Important disparities were f ound between disciplines on all variables except sick leave. Therefore, on the evidence presented it could be argued that team membership has different implications for different disciplines. Debatably, greater attention is needed to the composition, training and leadership of CMHTs rather than hope that the disciplines will spontaneously work effectively together. It is important to note that the research used here of evidence of effectiveness of teamwork has various limitations. Firstly, the small sample size makes it not viable to relate the findings to all CMHTs in the United Kingdom. Secondly, the questions asked in the study might be seen to be leading questions and this makes the study unreliable. Thirdly, this study does not take into account the personal views of the members of the team. The individual views on the effectiveness of multi-disciplinary teamwork from the nurses, occupational therapists and social workers could make this research more valid as relationships and issues of skill mix between the disciplines could have been explored within the context of patient care. Teamwork appears to be more effective in enabling first-class patient care within hospital based mental health units. Flockhart and Moore (2002, p96) assessed the effectiveness of teamwork on patient care at the psychiatric intensive care unit that is part of the Maudsley NHS Trust in South London. The unit admits some of the most challenging patients who cannot be safely managed on general wards. Many patients suffer from paranoid schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder and can be violent or aggressive, suicidal, harming themselves or be abusing various substances. Patients are only admitted on the unit for clinical reasons, not for safety. The main ethos of the unit is to help the service users achieve their maximum level of functioning so that they can be cared for with the fewest possible restrictions. It is important therefore that in this unit and in others like it in the United Kingdom the nurses need to be good team workers and be able to deal with issues calmly. Patient involvement and collaborative working has been addressed by joint care planning with the family and other key disciplines such as social workers, probation officers and various psychiatric and psychology therapists and this had led to rapid improvements in patients’ mental state and behaviour. The collaborative teamwork that focuses on the patients’ safety has improved team communication and effectiveness. Arguably, this particular unit has an efficient team that has empowered and enabled the staff to provide the best and most effective care for the service users. This is because the team is organised, supported and valued by each of the other members and the skill mix is ideal for improving patients’ mental health. It is also important to note that this unit has one dedicated team leader or co-ordinator that provides a consistent approach that meets all the needs of the service users and staff. Routine physical proximity appears to contribute to constructive working relationships and this has been illustrated by the effective interprofessional working relationships observed in this unit. Debatably, in contrast, within a community setting each discipline will have its own team leader or manager and this might lead to inconsistencies, differences and confusion in policy and decision making. In reviewing the literature for this essay the author would like to propose the following recommendations. Debatably, more evidence based research is needed on how effective leadership leads to enhanced practice and improved patient care, especially within mental health nursing. There appears to be some literature on the effectiveness of teamwork within the mental nursing profession. Arguably, this is because the provisions needed by mental health service users are wide and varied and historically multi-disciplinary teams have always been the solution to providing care and support for service users whether that care was deemed to be of good quality or of inferior quality. However, there is room for more evidence-based literature on the effectiveness of teamwork within mental health nursing. Similarly, it is suggested that there is a need for more evidence-based literature on the effectiveness of teamwork in nursing in general. Correspondingly, there is little or no evidence-based lit erature that expounds service user’s perspectives about how efficient teamwork improves their care. From the evidence presented it can be said that many factors lead to better team performance and arguably, one of the most significant is that of team leadership. Good quality leadership skills are the solution to enabling teams to provide high quality effective patient care. Effective team leadership improves satisfaction among team members and patients and improves productivity. In order to be effective as a leader the team leader must be visible and approachable. Team working within a hospital setting is generally more effective in delivering good quality patient care than that often achieved within a community setting where multi-disciplinary teams are involved. The stress on team members in CMHTs is related to the standard of leadership as well as the composition and training of the team. Experience in the Maudsley NHS Trust illustrates the importance of good team working and leadership in determining the quality of outcomes for patients. Evidence in the literature studied is pr esented from the perspective of staff in healthcare teams while there is little or no evidence of the views of service users on the subjects of leadership and teamwork. References Castledine, G (2004) Nursing leadership must keep its roots in nursing, British Journal of Nursing, 12, 2, 119. Clegg, A (2000) Leadership: improving the quality of patient care, Nursing Standard, 14, 30, 43-45. Department of Health (2000) The NHS Plan. A Plan for Investment. A Plan for Reform. London, HMSO. Flockhart, G and Moore, S (2002) Teamwork is the key, Nursing Standard, 17, 3, 96. Machin, T (1998) Teamwork in community mental health, British Journal of Community Nursing, 3, 1, 17-24. Moiden, N (2003) A framework for leadership, Nursing Management, 9, 10, 19-23. Onyett, S, Pillinger, T and Muijen, M (1997) Job satisfaction and burnout among members of community mental health teams, Journal of Mental Health, 6, 1, 56-66. Taylor, V (2007) Leadership for service improvement, Nursing Management, 13, 9, 30-35. Williams, T, Taylor, S and Petts, S (2001) Assessing leadership development training, Nursing Times, 97, 42, 1-3, www.nursingtimes.net, date accessed 11/02/2007. Williams, C (2005) Assertive outreach: the team approach, Mental Health Practice, 9, 2, 38-40.